Freedom+Denied

=Unit 4: Freedom Denied= When Reconstruction ended, blacks were pushed back into poverty and powerlessness. The old forces of discrimination and racism returned, along with a new brand of segregation called Jim Crow. Black leaders disagreed on how to achieve equality, but they all dedicated their lives to improving life for African Americans.
 * Describe the changing relationship between blacks and whites in the South in the late 1800s
 * Identify ways that blacks were kept from exercising their civil rights
 * recognize the significance of //Plessy v. Ferguson//
 * Explain the different approaches to fighting discrimination advocated by Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. DuBois
 * Summarize the purpose and process of judicial review

Key Words

 * segregation:** the practice of setting apart and forcing certain people or groups, based on race or religion, to use separate housing, schools, transportation, or other facilities.
 * Jim Crow:** a common name for segregation laws that were passed after Reconstruction.
 * //Plessy v. Ferguson//:** an 1896 Supreme Court case in which the court ruled that segregation (Jim Crow) laws were constitutional
 * lynching:** kidnapping and execution of a person by a mob
 * vigilante:** one who takes or advocates the taking of law enforcement into one's own hands
 * anti-Semitism (AN-tee-SEH-muh-tih-quhm):** hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group
 * NAACP:** the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organization of blacks and whites formed to fight racial injustice

Lesson 1: Separate but Unequal
The period between the end of the Civil War and the turn of the century was a time of much change. During Reconstruction, blacks in the South gained freedoms and privileges they had not enjoyed as slaves, such as the right to go to school, to vote, and to hold public office. With the end of Reconstruction, however, whites began methodically removing those rights through segregation laws and other Jim crow practices. decades later, most of those laws were declared unconstitutional. Jim Crow Stories [|Plessy v. Ferguson PowerPoint] Jim Crow Inside the South Jim Crow Outside the South National Afro-American Council 1898 media type="youtube" key="_Hsd55AK53U" height="315" width="420"

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 * 1) Read Chapter 32 in //A History of US: Reconstructing American// by Joy Hakim

Lesson 2: Courage
Ida B. Wells shouldered responsibility at an early age. only 16 when her parents died, she took on the daunting task of raising her six brothers and sisters. y the time she was in her twenties she was championing the African-American struggle for equality. During an era in which vigilantes were murdering thousands of innocent people, Wells fought for the passage of anti-lynching laws and used boycotts and newspaper articles to speak out against the injustices that Southern blacks faced. Ida B. Wells Profile of Courage media type="youtube" key="v8SW_lf9Kg4" height="315" width="420"
 * 1) Read Chapter 33 in //A History of US: Reconstructing American// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Describe three ways Wells fought lynching and other forms of discrimination

Lesson 3: Differing Views
Booker T. Washington's values grew out of the time and place i which he lived - a time when most African Americans in the South could barely scratch out a living from the land. he valued economic freedom more than all other freedoms, and tried to teach blacks how to achieve it. Northern-born W.E.B. DuBois rejected Washington's views. in words that would echo through the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, DuBois demanded nothing less than full equality for African Americans. Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois NAACP Audio Biography of W.E.B. DuBois media type="youtube" key="_X5X0eogmN0" height="315" width="420"
 * 1) Read Chapter 35 in //A History of US: Reconstructing American// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) //Read Booker T. Washington : educator, author, and Civil Rights leader// by Jim Whiting
 * 3) //Read W.E.B. DuBois// by Jennifer Blizin Gillis
 * 4) Choose either DuBois or Washington and complete a Profile of Achievement for one of them