A+Fascinating+Era

=Unit 8: A Fascinating Era=
 * Summarize the goals of the 18th and 19th amendments and the methods used to gain support for them
 * Recognize the relationship between the rise of communism in Russia and the Red Scare in the U.S.
 * Give examples of cultural and social change over time during the 1920s
 * Summarize the philosophies and policies of the three Republican presidents who served between 1921 and 1933
 * Describe the amendment process under the U.S. Constitution and the role of amendments in our system
 * Identify individuals, groups or action that promoted or diminished the ideas of democracy under the Constitution during the 1920s
 * List the major duties of the president
 * Explain the role of investors in joint-stock corporations
 * Trace the causes and results of the migration of blacks from the rural South to the cities of the North during the 1920s

Links
Congress for Kids The White House 101 The Constitution for Kids Video of our Nation's Capital Early 1920s Timeline of the 1920s

Key Words

 * bootlegger:** a person who makes, sells, or transports liquor illegally
 * Prohibition:** the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, in force from 1920-1933, which outlawed making, selling, or transporting alcoholic beverages except for medicinal and religious purposes
 * speakeasy:** a place where alcoholic beverages were sold illegally during Prohibition
 * temperance movement:** an effort to promote moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in alcohol consumption
 * black migration:** the movement of more than one million black people from the rural South to the cities of the North
 * evolution:** the theory that life on Earth started from simple one-celled creatures and developed into complex plants, animals, and humans
 * flappers:** young women of the 1920s who dressed in a bold, new style
 * alien law:** a law that prevented certain people from immigrating to the United States
 * anarchist:** a person who does not believe in any form of government
 * communism:** a political and economic system in which the state owns most of the land and property and shares them with the citizens
 * Reds:** a nickname for communists or people thought to be communists
 * sedition law:** a law that made it a crime for anyone to speak against the government
 * suffrage:** the right to vote
 * suffragist:** a person who supports extension of the right to vote, especially to women
 * creole:** a person of Spanish or French and African-American descent
 * bear market:** a nickname brokers use when the stock market is down
 * bull market:** a nickname brokers use when the stock market is up
 * share:** a piece of ownership of a corporation
 * stock:** shares in a company
 * stock exchange:** the place where stocks are bought and sold
 * stock market:** the business of buying and selling stocks
 * stockbroker:** the person who buys and sells stock for another person

Lesson 1: Amending Behavior
After years of effort, the American people's well-intentioned desire to eliminate alcohol abuse resulted in the 18th Amendment, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the United States. Prohibition produced a wide variety of unexpected consequences. With only 1,500 Prohibition agents, there was not enough manpower to enforce the law. And since selling liquor was illegal, gangsters took over the activity and made crime a big business in the United States. Eventually Americans realized the mistake and passed the 20th Amendment, which repealed Prohibition. media type="youtube" key="30OyU4O80i4" height="315" width="420" media type="youtube" key="JwsBL71-1v0" height="315" width="420" How Many Admendments Are There? It is important to understand the difference between a law and an amendment. An amendment becomes part of the Constitution itself. That is, it becomes part of the basic plan for the structure of the United States government. A law, on the other hand, regulates people's actions and can be passed or changed fairly easily as needs change. The Founders made it very difficult to amend, or change, the Constitution.
 * 1) Read Chapter 4 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Read //Prohibition : America makes alcohol illegal// by Daniel Cohen
 * 3) Review the box about Article V of the Constitution on page 27. Be prepared to explain the requirements for amending the Constitution
 * 4) Why do you think the writers of the Constitution made it so hard to pass an amendment? How many amendments have been made to the Constitution so far?

Lesson 2: Doubling Voters
An important issue that the United States had to reconcile after World War I was women's demands for equal rights. This was not a new issue. The struggle for women's suffrage had gone on for decades, but now it seemed the country was almost ready to accept women in the voting booth. Two years after the war's end, in 1919, the nation ratified the 19th Amendment, which guaranteed women the right to vote. Women's Suffrage Memorabilia Votes for Women Women's Suffrage Photo Gallery of Suffrage and the Women Behind It
 * 1) Read Chapter 5 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Read //Women suffrage// by Deborah Kops
 * 3) Read the following document and choose one of the tasks under Level 5-6 media type="custom" key="19285834"
 * 4) How many years passed after the Seneca Falls Convention before women won the right to vote in Wyoming? In the country as a whole?

Lesson 3: Seeing Red
The fear of communism spread in the United States after the 1917 Russian Revolution, and the fear led to a panic--the Red Scare. The U.S. government went on a witch-hunt, jailing or deporting thousands of suspected communists and anarchists. most of the people the government arrested during the Red Scare were not guilty of anything. media type="youtube" key="KINGYf7pdJE" height="315" width="420" Red Scare Video The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights Match Game
 * 1) Read Chapter 6 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) media type="custom" key="19285918"
 * 3) Describe the events in Russia that led the country to adopt communism.
 * 4) Why were people in the United States worried about communism?
 * 5) How did Attorney General Palmer try to deal with communists and anarchists?
 * 6) Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper protesting the actions of Attorney General Palmer. Review the Bill of Rights and use information from the Bill of Rights in your letter.

Lesson 4: The Twenties
President Harding was immensely popular, but he lacked the skills and abilities to meet the demands of the job. he died in office as scandal swirled around many of his friends and political appointees. Sober, stolid Calvin Coolidge presided as president for much of the 1920s, a period in which the nation experienced both an economic boom and fast-paced social change.

media type="youtube" key="ydOe9edT4R4" height="315" width="560" Video of President Calvin Coolidge Harlem The Great Migrations The 20's
 * 1) Read Chapter 7 & Chapter 8 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Read //Calvin Coolidge// by Michael Geoffrey Allen
 * 3) How did scandal mar President Harding's administration?
 * 4) Why did millions of blacks leave the South between 1910 and 1920?
 * 5) Complete the Presidential Time Line for Harding & Coolidge

Lesson 5: The Jazz Age
In the 1920s daily life in the United States changed. Since more people owned cars they could drive to work and live farther from their jobs. Huge modern industries transformed the way they worked. Movies and radio changed the way people got their news and how they entertained themselves. Americans even admired new heroes. media type="custom" key="19286260" Jazzing it Up The Twenties Roar All That Jazz Babe Ruth Mikdred "Babe" Didrikson


 * 1) During the next three lessons you will learn about the Jazz Age and how life in the United States changed during the 1920s. Over the next two lessons you will work on completing the "Jazz Age" sheet. Complete the Society and Sports sections during today's reading.
 * 2) Browse Chapter 7, page 40; & Chapter 8, pages 41-46; Chapter 9, pages 47-50; Chapter 10, pages 51-54 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 3) Read //The 1920s// by Greg T. Farshtey

Lesson 6: More Jazz
A spirited new sound swept the nation. Born in New Orleans, jazz blended African rhythms with European forms to create a uniquely American sound. s jazz traveled north to Chicago and new York, musicians were constantly improvising and changing the music. Great performers such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, and great composers such as Charles Ives and Aaron Copland, emerged to create distinctive American music. But bold experimentation and innovation were not limited to music. The Roaring Twenties saw other remarkable advances. Charles Lindbergh, Jr., flew across the Atlantic ocean, Robert Goddard launched rockets, and Edwin Hubble expanded our knowledge of the universe. media type="youtube" key="uIUL_qUJUOo" height="315" width="420" George and Ira Gershwin A Plane Flight - and a Great Crash A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Edwin Hubble NASA Facts PBS American Experience: Lindbergh - Special Features Early History of Aviation Silent Video of Lindbergh's Flight
 * 1) Browse Chapter 11, pages 55-62; & Chapter 12, pages 63-66; Chapter 13, pages 67-70; Chapter 14, pages 71-75 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Read //Edwin Hubble : American astronomer// by Mary Virginia Fox
 * 3) Read //Robert Goddard and the liquid rocket engine// by John Bankston
 * 4) Complete the Music and Innovations sections of the Jazz Age sheets

Lesson 7: Tell Us What It Means
When the First World War ended Americans breathed a sigh of relief and plunged into experimenting. During the roaring '20s they turned to new pastimes-sports, radio, movies, dancing, and music. African Americans introduced dynamic rhythms to music and spread the popularity of jazz across the nation. Talented aviators flew across the ocean, and scientists expanded our knowledge of the universe. Kansas City: Paris of the Plains
 * 1) Review //The young journalist's book : how to write and produce your own newspaper// by Nancy Bentley and Donna Guthrie
 * 2) Use the information from your Jazz Age sheets to create a newspaper. You may use a word processing program or hand write. You may use images from the web or from this page.

Lesson 8: Boom and Bust
During the 1928 presidential campaign Herbert Hoover's supporters pandered to the worst traits of American voters. Hoover won the election. Improving economic conditions in the United States during the 1920s led to a stock market boom. Millions of Americans bought stock, hoping to make a quick fortune. The boom ended in a financial panic in 1929, a panic that marked the beginning of a great economic depression. media type="youtube" key="1MdhZT6lEIA" height="315" width="420" media type="youtube" key="GnJCOof2HJk" height="315" width="420" Herbert Hoover Learning about Stocks Stock Exchange Game Gazillionaire Game (Play Free Version ONLY)


 * 1) Read Chapter 15 & Chapter 16 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Read //Herbert Hoover : America's 31st president// by Martha E. Kendall
 * 3) Read //The stock market// by Donna Jo Fuller
 * 4) Read //Ups and downs : a book about the stock market// by Nancy Loewen
 * 5) Describe Herbert Hoover's background, what job qualifications did he bring to the presidency?
 * 6) Review media type="custom" key="19287528"
 * 7) Be prepared to discuss the basic structure of the stock system for financing corporations