The+Second+World+War

=Unit 10: The Second World War=
 * Explain the reasons for and results of the rise of dictators during the 1930s and the U.S. response to it
 * Describe Hitler's use of anti-Semitism and genocide
 * Recognize isolationism as a deterrent to U.S. participation in the war and its end with the attack at Pearl Harbor
 * Identify major individuals and events of WWII
 * Identify military, technical, and civilian strategies used to achieve victory in WWII
 * Assess decisions made on ending the war and building peace
 * Describe the impact of WWII on life around the world and in the U.S.
 * Locate on a map the extent of Axis control and the major nations on the Allied and Axis sides of the conflict
 * Use maps to assess the difficulties and options involved in invading Germany and Japan
 * Compare democratic and totalitarian governments in terms of the value of the individual citizen
 * Recognize the violation of human rights worldwide including the Holocaust
 * Assess the constitutional violations of the internment of Japanese Americans

Links
Second World War Poster Art from World War II Produce For Victory The Perilous Fight Inside WWII Interactive Navajo Code Talkers The Tuskegee Airmen National WWII Museum Women Workers in WWII Video media type="youtube" key="r0uvsgU9oeA" height="315" width="420"

Key Words

 * Benito Mussolini:** Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party
 * communism:** a political and economic system in which the people own goods and businesses in common, but the government manages and controls them
 * fascism:** a political philosophy that values nation or race bove the individual and promotes a centralized dictatorship
 * Hideki Tojo:** Prime Minister of Japan when the attack on Pearl Harbour took place
 * nationalism:** a philosophy that promotes one nation above all others and values that nation's culture and interests more than others
 * Nazism:** the political and economic doctrines of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, which promoted totalitarian government, state control of industry, racial superiority of certain groups, and the supremacy of its leader
 * reparations:** something done or given as amends or payment of damages
 * totalitarian state:** a government that attempts to subject the citizen to an absolute state authority
 * Treaty of Versailles:** the treaty ending World War I, which placed blame for the war and demands for financial reparations on Germany
 * anti-Semitism:** hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group
 * refugee:** a person who flees to another area, country, or power to escape danger or persecution
 * xenophobia:** fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign
 * Auschwitz: Audio Pronunciation**
 * Kristallnacht:** (KRIHS-tahl-hankt)
 * Maidanek:** (MIYDN-ehk)
 * Allies:** the nations, led by Great Britain, the U.S., and the U.S.S.R., that united against the Axis powers in World War II
 * Axis:** the three powers--Germany, Italy, and Japan--that engaged the Allies in World War II
 * isolationist:** a person who believes that his nation should stay out of world affairs
 * Land-Lease:** a program to lend equipment and raw materials to help the Allies fight the war in Europe
 * pacifist** (PA-suh-fist): a person who is opposed to the use of force under any circumstance
 * amphibious** (am-FIH-bee-uhs): able to travel on land or in water
 * cryptography** (krihp-TAH-gruh-fee): making and using secret codes
 * front:** a zone of conflict between armies
 * habeas corpus** (HAY-bee-uhs KOR-puhs): the right of a citizen to obtain a legal order written by a court or judge as a protection against illegal imprisonment
 * Nisei** (NEE-say): a child of Japanese immigrants who was born in the United States

Lesson 1: Dictating Disaster
As economic depression swept through much of the world, some nations turned to militant nationalism as an antidote. War machines fueled by fear and hatred became the tools of dictators, such as Hitler and Mussolini, who muscled their way onto the global scene. The Beginning of WWII London Goes to War Twentieth Century Monsters
 * 1) Read Chapter 26 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) On a map, locate nations that became dictatorships
 * 3) Review and define the following: communism; fascism; Nazism
 * 4) Be prepared to compare the qualities of democratic and totalitarian governments

Lesson 2: Hatred in Action
Anti-Semitism had existed for centuries, but in Nazi Germany it took on new dimensions of evil. As Hitler undertook the methodical and ruthless destruction of Jews, racism and bigotry within other nations kept the world largely silent. Kristallnacht Photos Anne Frank Center Holocaust Remembrance Day No Child's Play


 * 1) Read Chapter 27 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Explore a scrapbook of Anne Frank's life with the above link
 * 3) Many children were affected by the Holocaust. To learn more about the experiences of these children, visit the online gallery No Child's Play
 * 4) In your history notebook, write a letter to the editor of a 1939 newspaper explaining why hte United States should accept 20,000 children feeling from Nazi persecution
 * 5) Complete a persecution time line from 1933 - 1941

Lesson 3: Why War?
The dictators of Germany, Italy, and Japan had an unwitting ally in the form of isolationism. As the Axis picked off one nation after another, the world's democracies stood immobilized by debate. The Americans thought they were safe, separated from conflict by the vast expanse of the oceans Then, a group of scientists discovered a way to unleash the power of the atom. The decision to use atomic power as a weapon was one of the most awesome--and agonizing--decisions of modern times.

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 * 1) Read Chapter 28 & 29 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Define pacifist
 * 3) How did the flight of scientists from totalitarian nations affect the outcome of the war?
 * 4) What advice did Colonel Billy Mitchell give the the United States & how did Americans receive his advice?

Lesson 4: War
Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 ignited World War II in Europe and threatened the existence of democracy. The war raged for more than two years before the United States entered the conflict. When japan attacked Pearl harbor in December 1941, the United States could no longer justify its isolationist stance. With American entry into the conflict, the battle against totalitarianism touched nearly every continent. media type="custom" key="20579908" London Goes To War A Date Which Will Live In Infamy Attack at Pearl Harbor Edward R. Murrow Audio Clips A History of US: Pearl Harbor


 * 1) Read Pearl Harbor : a primary source history / Jacqueline Laks Gorman
 * 2) Look at framed Oklahoma newspaper headline
 * 3) Read Chapter 30 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 4) Review the interactive map and timeline National Geographic's Remembering Pearl Harbor
 * 5) View the areas on the map that were under Axis control in 1941 and 1942
 * 6) Listen to Winston Churchill's address to the United States (#24) Broadcast to America
 * 7) Listen to FDR's speech declaring US will go to war @ FDR Declares War
 * 8) What were some of the significant events that occurred before Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939?
 * 9) What were significant events that occurred between September 1939 and December 1941?

Lesson 5: Who Was Who?
As World War II progressed, nations began lining up behind two political systems--democratic and totalitarian. but when Hitler violated the friendship pact he signed with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in 1939, England and the United States found themselves with a new ally. Despite hostility and a deep-seated mistrust between the totalitarian Soviet Union and the Western democracies, the three nations joined together to defeat Hitler. This quirk of history was destined to shape the world after the war. Internment of Americans in the Philippines (Go to contents: Marie Adams - 1945)
 * 1) Read Chapter 31 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Complete the __Who Was Who?__ worksheet
 * 3) Why were so many opposed to allying with Stalin? Consider these facts:
 * Stalin and the Soviet Union had invaded eastern Poland
 * Stalin was a cruel dictator who was responsible for the deaths of millions of Russians
 * The Soviet Union was a communist nation with a totalitarian form of government. Most Americans disliked and feared communism
 * Giving aid to the Soviet Union would allow Stalin to occupy eastern European nations after the war
 * Without the war materials and resources that the United States provided the Soviets under the Land-Lease programs, Germany might have defeated the Soviet Union
 * With the Soviets fighting the Germans in the East, Great Britain and the United States were able to invade German-occupied France and open a second front in the west
 * Providing the Soviets with war materials and resources would enable them to push German forces back and use u German resources

Lesson 6: Democracy Defended
After the United States declared war on Japan and Germany, the nation faced the daunting task of mobilizing a campaign in regions as far removed as France and the Philippines. But mobilize it did, and in record time. Fighting a global war also forced the nation to develop technology and inventions that would allow troops to fight on the ground, in the air, and on and under the sea. media type="custom" key="20579926"
 * 1) Read Chapters 32 & 33 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Be prepared to discuss how air-power changed warfare
 * 3) What innovations and inventions came about as people tried to meet the challenges of fighting World War II?
 * 4) What three naval battles did the United States win the the Pacific in 1942?

Lesson 7: Democracy Denied
As U.S. troops marched off to battle, wartime hatreds bred intolerance at home. Anti-Japanese hysteria led President Roosevelt to sign Executive Order 9066, which deprived some 120,000 Japanese Americans of their constitutional rights. The order required anyone of Japanese descent living in the United States to move to an internment camp. The detainees were forced to sell their property and leave behind most of their possessions. Forty years after the war, the American government apologized for its actions and awarded money to some of the detainees in payment for their suffering. Habeas Corpus Forgetting the Constitution Tule Lake Internment Camp War Relocation Camps
 * 1) Read Chapter 34 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) What was the reason behind the detention of Japanese Americans, and what were some of the results?
 * 3) Imagine you are a Japanese American - write a letter to the President expressing how you feel about his order

Lesson 8: Strategies
The battle of Guadalcanal shattered Japanese illusions of military superiority. The U.S. victory there changed the Pacific conflict into an offensive war aimed at breaking Japan's grip on Asia. The following yea,r the war in the European Theater began to turn in the Allie's favor as well. s cracks appeared in the Axis defense system, German troops braced for an invasion of Fortress Europe. media type="custom" key="20580208"


 * 1) Read Chapters 5 & 36 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Why was the Battle of Guadalcanal a turning point for the Allie's?

Lesson 9: The Beginning of the End
On June 6, 1944, Allied troops swept onto the mine-strewn beaches of Normandy. Nazi gunners fired on them from concrete bunkers atop the towering cliffs, but brilliant Allied strategy and acts of individual heroism proved an unbeatable combination. Thousands of men lost their lives that day, but the advance known to history as D-Day unlocked the door to Berlin. media type="custom" key="20580350" A History of US: D-Day General Dwight D. Eisenhower Video


 * 1) Read Chapter 37 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Read D-day landings : the story of the Allied invasion / written by Richard Platt
 * 3) Read World War II : Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Hirohito, Dwight D. Eisenhower / by Aaron Rosenberg

Lesson 9: Closing In
The rapid-fire events of 1945 made it clear that the Axis didn't have a chance of winning the war. Yet neither Germany nor Japan would surrender. Instead they retreated to their home countries to wage a desperate fight to the finish. media type="custom" key="20580364" FDR Seeks 4th Term


 * 1) Read Chapters 38 & 39 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) What was the Atlantic Charter and the Yalta Conference?

Lesson 10: End of an Era
As Roosevelt entered his fourth term, he began mapping out plans for peace. But FDR never saw his ideas tested. His death thrust the job of ending the war and designing a peace into the lap of Harry Truman. Roosevelt's death triggered a mass outpouring of grief rivaled only by the tear-filled tribute paid to another wartime president--Abraham Lincoln. media type="custom" key="20580374" Freedom From Fear Video of Harry Truman Being Sworn in as President Harry S. Truman Museum


 * 1) Read Chapters 40 & 41 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Pretend to be a congressman in 1955 and explain why a memorial to Franklin Roosevelt should be erected
 * 3) Read The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial / Anne Phillips
 * 4) Describe the characteristics and experience Truman brought to he presidency
 * 5) Read Harry S. Truman / by Michael Foley

Lesson 11: End of War
Within a month of Roosevelt's death, Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally, but Japan refused to discuss peace. japan's resistance pushed Truman cloer and closer to the use of a new, top-secret "super weapon." Finally, in one of the most agonizing and hotly debated decisions in U.S. history, Truman ordered atomic bombs dropped over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, the B-29 //Enola Gay// dropped the first of the two. Within minutes, more than 78,000 people were dead and Hiroshima was flattened. The atomic age had begun. Wiki on Atomic Bomb On August 4th, 1945, 700,000 leaflets were dropped on Hiroshima warning that the city would be demolished. The warning was not taken seriously. media type="custom" key="20580562"


 * 1) Read Chapters 42 & 43 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Summarize the reasons for using the atomic bomb
 * 3) Be prepared to discuss why the decision to use the atomic bomb was such a difficult one

Lesson 12: A Beginning
As Russia attacked Japan from the west, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb that destroyed the prot city of Nagasaki. Japan was faced with the choice of peace or utter destruction. On August 15, 1945, the the first public speech a Japanese emperor had ever made, Emperor Hirohito chose peace, and the world celebrated. End of War Photo Gallery Video of End of War Announcement


 * 1) Read Chapter 44 in //A History of US: War, Peace, and All That Jazz// by Joy Hakim
 * 2) Describe the reaction of the American people to the end of the war

Lesson 13: Review and Reflect

 * 1) Quiz